Thread 02 · Technology and Dehumanization · September 25, 2026

Errors that do not fall at random

When an algorithm gets certain faces wrong more often, it is not a neutral bug: it is an incomplete "us."

1 · The scene

The building's front door opens by facial recognition. For the neighbours, on the first try. For Aïcha, it takes three tries, then the superintendent.

"It's nothing, it's just the machine." Maybe. But every morning, the door reminds her that she wasn't in the room when the machine learned to see.

Original vignette

2 · The documented case

Errors that do not fall at random

In 2018, researchers Joy Buolamwini and Timnit Gebru tested three commercial gender recognition systems (the "Gender Shades" study). For darker-skinned women, error rates reached 20.8%, 34.5% and 34.7%. For lighter-skinned men, they never exceeded 0.8%.

In December 2019, the U.S. agency NIST evaluated 189 algorithms from 99 developers. When comparing one face with another, false positives were often 10 to 100 times more frequent for Asian and African American faces than for white faces, depending on the algorithm.

The good news: these gaps can be measured, so they can be corrected. More diverse data and more diverse teams make fairer machines.

34.7%maximum error for darker-skinned women (Gender Shades, 2018)
0.8%maximum error for lighter-skinned men
10 to 100×more false positives for some faces, depending on the algorithm (NIST, 2019)

3 · The voice

“Umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu: a person is a person through other persons.”
Nguni proverb (isiZulu)

4 · The question

Who was in the room when the machine learned to see, and who was missing?

Sources

  1. J. Buolamwini and T. Gebru, "Gender Shades," Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, 2018. proceedings.mlr.press
  2. MIT News, "Study finds gender and skin-type bias in commercial AI systems," 2018. news.mit.edu
  3. NIST, FRVT study on demographic effects, December 2019. www.nist.gov

Every figure on this page links to a verifiable public source.

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